In this image, the body wall, abdominal organs, and bones can all be readily visualized this is a proper exposure. In Figure B, the kVp and mA were left the same and the time was changed to 0.025 seconds (mAs = 5). In this example, the bones are not easily visualized and the film overall is too white (underexposed). In Figure A, the kVp was 56, mA setting was 200, and time was 0.0125 seconds (mAs = 2.5). Examine the films for the setting that gives the best diagnostic quality. Remember to develop the films with fresh, clean developing solutions-old or exhausted developer will not work for developing technique charts. Be sure to mark your films with the differences in exposure so you can easily identify them after development. With most equipment, selecting the 200 mA station will enable you to use the 3 fastest time settings (which would be appropriate for a dog of this size). In general, use your mAs combination with the fastest time to decrease motion artifact. Take 3 exposures using the same kVp (56 in this case), but vary your mAs. This formula equals your starting kVp: 2 (patient measurement in cm) + FFD = kVpįor example, if the dog measures 9 cm and the FFD is 38: 2 (9 cm) + 38 in = 56 kVpģ. Take the measurement in centimeters and multiply by 2, then add the result to the focal film distance (FFD, Figure B), which is the distance between your tube head and the x-ray film (a standard measurement is 36-40 inches). A small dog should be used so the measurement doesn't exceed 10 cm, thereby avoiding use of a grid. Remember to use accurate measuring calipers and measure the dog at the widest point (ribs 12 and 13) as depicted inFigure A. Determine the starting peak potential (kVp) by taking a lateral abdominal film of a small dog with normal body condition.
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